Spatial Transcriptomics of Supraoptic Nucleus and Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

Glutamatergic Innervation of the Supraoptic Nucleus, the Paraventricular Nucleus and the Supramamillary Nucleus of the Rat

Hypoxia activates nucleus tractus solitarii neurons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Peripheral chemoreceptor afferent information is sent to the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS), integrated, and relayed to other brain regions to alter cardiorespiratory function. The nTS projects to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), but activation and phenotype of these projections during chemoreflex stimulation is unknown. We hypothesized that activation of PVN-projecting nTS neur...

Neurotransmitter regulation of cellular activation and neuropeptide gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Norepinephrine (NE), glutamate (Glu), and GABA have been identified as important neurotransmitters governing neuroendocrine mechanisms represented in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Microinjection studies were used to compare the efficacy of these transmitter mechanisms in stimulating PVH output neurons. Local administration of NE provoked an increase in plasma corticoste...

Role of the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in the Sympathoexcitatory Effects of Leptin.

Leptin binds to receptors in multiple hypothalamic nuclei to increase sympathetic nerve activity; however, the neurocircuitry is unclear. Here, using anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats, we investigated the role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular injection of leptin slowly increased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA), heart rate, mean arterial pr...

Origin of the atriopeptin-like immunoreactive innervation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) contains a prominent collection of varicose atriopeptin-like immunoreactive (APir) fibers. We have used immunohistochemistry and fluorescent retrograde tracers to investigate the origin of these fibers. All parts of the PVH contain APir fibers. The densest collections are found in the periventricular area and in the parvocellular components ...